Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (Conditional sentences 1,2,3)

Nama    : Rizky Renanda Aditya
Kelas    : 4 EA 15
NPM     : 12209431
Dosen    : Noni Marlianingsih

FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The 1st (first) conditional sentence structure is also called the future possible/real conditional.

If I eat too much, I will get fat.

It is used to talk about a result (I'll get fat) that is likely to happen or is almost certain to happen in the future IF the condition in the if clause [if I eat too much] occurs.

Generally, in the 1st conditional structure the if clause has a 50% or better chance of happening. If I eat too much, it’s possible that I will get fat. I may not get fat, but it’s more than likely that I will get fat if I eat too much.

If + simple present, will + verb

The 1st conditional form:

*Even though this sentence structure is used to talk about the future, the condition clause [If I eat too much] uses the simple present tense.

Uses of the sentence structure

1. Possibilities

You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry!

If I miss the train today, I’ll drive to work.

I will pass my math exam if I study hard.

If it rains, we won’t have our picnic.

If you stay out in the rain too long, you’ll get sick!

My mom will be angry if I’m late tonight!

2. Superstitions

If you see a penny on the ground and pick it up, it will bring you good luck!

If you break a mirror, you will have 7 years of bad luck!

If you rub a rabbit’s foot, it will bring you good luck!

If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck!

You will have bad luck if you open an umbrella indoors.

3. Future plans

If you’re going shopping today, I’ll come with you!

If you can get me a ticket, I’ll go to the concert with you!

If you see Ken later today, will you tell him to call me?

4. Warnings and threats

If you don’t come to my birthday party, I’ll never speak to you again.

If you eat too much ice cream, you’ll make yourself sick!<

If you say that again, I will hurt you!

SOURCE: http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/grammar-the-1st-first-conditional/

SECOND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The 2nd conditional sentence structure is also called the present unreal conditional or hypothetical conditional. This sentence structure is used to imagine a different present reality, or a situation that is unlikely in the present. It can also be used to express a wish that the present was different, or to describe something unlikely or impossible.

If I were fat, I wouldn’t be able to dance very well.

If + simple past, would + verb

The 2nd conditional form:

NOTES:
- When using the verb be in the if clause, were is used for everyone; it is not wrong to use was, it is just more informal.
- Subject + would is often contracted in spoken English: I’d, You’d, She’d, He’d, We’d, They’d.

Example Sentences:

If my grandmother were alive today, she would be 107!
(Is my grandmother alive? No. I am just imagining how old she’d be IF she were alive!)

If I were president, I would cut taxes.
(Am I the president? No. Can I cut taxes? No. I am imagining what I would do IF I were the president!)

If I lived near a train station, I wouldn’t need a car. It would be so much cheaper!
(Do I live near a train station? No. Do I need a car? Yes. It’s very expensive. I would save money if lived near a train station.)

If I lived in Canada, I would speak English fluently.
(Do I live in Canada? No. Can I speak English fluently? No. Things would be different if I lived in Canada!)

Children would be healthier if they exercised more and didn’t spend so much time playing videos games!

He would have more time to spend with his kids if he didn’t work so much!

She wouldn’t be fat if she didn’t eat so much!

Peter would be healthier if he didn’t smoke.

If I had an extra sandwich, I would give you one! Unfortunately, I don’t.

If I lived in a big city, like London, I would go every night!

He wouldn’t know what to do with himself if he retired early.

Uses of this Sentence Structure

1.   To Give Advice

If I were you…

If I were you, I wouldn’t drive the car until a mechanic checked it out.

If I were you, I wouldn’t tell anybody about this.

If you were me, what would you do? [asking for advice]

A continuous tense can be used in the if clause…

If I were working now, I’d have more money.

If you were looking for a cheap computer, where would you shop?

If you were walking down the street at night and you saw him, you would be scared!

…and in the result clause!

If I had a better job, I wouldn’t be living with my parents.

We wouldn’t be doing this if we didn’t care about you!

If I didn’t work a German company, I wouldn’t be learning German.

Could (=ability) can be used in the if clause (= ‘were able to’)…
If I could go back in time and give myself advice, I’d tell myself not to worry so much about what other people think.
It would be great if you could help us paint the house this weekend!
(= a polite way to ask for help)

I would if I could but I can’t!

If I could make the pain go away, I would do whatever it took.

If I could read her mind, I would know exactly what to buy her for Christmas!

…or in the result clause (= ‘would be able to’)

If I had a map, I could easily find their house.

If we had more money, we could renovate the entire house.

If I had my own house, I could have as many pets as I wanted!

Might can be used in the result clause (= unlikely but possible)

If I knew how to swim, I might compete in a triathlon.

If I won the lottery, I might donate some of it to charity.

If you attended more meetings at work, you might know what’s going on!

SOURCE: http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/grammar-the-2nd-second-conditional/

 

THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.
If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real:
If I hadn’t eaten so much,
Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.
What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result:
…I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.
Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
[I'm not fat in real life! I am just using this as an example sentence!]

The 3rd conditional form:

	If + past perfect, would have + past participle

 

NOTES:
*the past perfect tense = had + past participle
*in spoken English, subject + would AND subject + had are usually contracted:

I’d, you’d, she’d, he’d, we’d, they’d

*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction

 

Common uses of this sentence structure:

1.What would you have done if … ?

What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?

What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?

What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?

2. If I had known…

If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!

If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.

We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.

If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.

I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!

3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently.

If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.

If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.

4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes:

If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!

It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking. 

More example sentences

If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband.

We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.

If his brother hadn’t reminded him, Dan would have forgotten his wife’s birthday.

If she had seen the ice on the road, she would have slowed down and she wouldn’t have gotten in an accident.

SOURCE: http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/grammar-the-3rd-third-conditional/